Robert Gagne 's Theory of Instruction- Conditions of Learning Driscoll (1994) breaks Gagne's theory into three major areas – 1. The Taxonomy of Learning Outcomes, 2. The Conditions of Learning, And 3. The Events of Instruction. Gagne's taxonomy consists of five categories of learning outcomes - verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and motor skills. Gagne, Briggs, and Wager (1992) explain that each of the categories leads to a different class of human performance. Essential to Gagne's ideas of instruction are what he calls "conditions of learning." He breaks these down into internal and external conditions. The internal conditions deal with previously learned capabilities of the learner. Or in other words, what the learner knows prior to the instruction. The external conditions deal with the stimulus (a purely behaviourist term) that is presented externally to the learner. For exampl
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Psychology of Learning - Noam Chomsky Nativist theory
Language Learning Noam Chomsky Nativist theory [1] Limitations of Behaviorist view of language acquisition led in 1960’s led to the alternative ‘generative’ account of language. Noam Chomsky published a criticism of the behaviorist theory in 1957. [2] · Impoverished language input that children receive does not affect the language development to a greater extent. · Adults do not typically speak in grammatically complete sentences. In addition, what the child hears is only a small sample of language. Nativist theory · Main Proponent: Bloomfield & Noam Chomsky. · Children must be born with an innate capacity for language development · Children are born with an innate tendency for language acquisition, and that this ability makes the task of learning a first language easier than it would otherwise be. · The human brain is ready naturally for language in the sense when children are exposed to spe